Variable spacing mechanism for key operated printing machines



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V VARIABLE sPAcING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filedlfeb. 20, 1943 l7 Shee ts-Sheet 14 I aQWM/O INOV- 1946- w-. J. HAUSMANVARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR'KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filed Feb.20, 1943 17 Sheets-Sheet 15 j M 1 M m 1 wk M.\\ Q Rm E a as & m\ v. 1 I:nliwowga nun L k mus Nov. 25, 1946. v w, J. HAUSMAN VARIABIJL SPACINGMECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES 17 Sheets-Sheei 16 FiledFb. 20, 1943 HH] ll H- Nov. 26,1946.

W. J. HAUSMAN VARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTINGMACHINES Filed Fb. 20, 1943 17 Sheets-Sheet '17 Patented Nov. 26, 1946VARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Walter J.HausmamWashington, D. (3., assignor to Burnell Machine Company,Incorporated, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware ApplicationFebruary 20, 1943, Serial No. 476,572

. 12 Claims.

1 This invention relates to key operated type printing machines and morespecifically to such a machine which is adapted to print copy to be usedas either high quality originals or as com- 1 positions for all forms ofreproduction processes which employ photographic steps in thepreparation of their printingstones' or plates, and which is alsoadapted to produce compositions for processes which compose directly onthe plates and employ stencils and hecto-graph masters.

The designing of a key operated type printing machine which is onlycapable of producing copy to be used as high quality originals is nolonger a remarkable accomplishment because there are typewritingmachines now available on the open market which are capable of attainingthis desired result, and any improvements which might now be madethereover could only relate to details, such as type face design andpossibly line justification. However, the designing of a key operatedtype printing machine which is not only capable of producing high qualitOr y the use of diiferent styles and sizes of typewriter type faces, butis also capable of producing from foundry type faces copy which willmeet all of the demands and requirements made of text compositions to beused in the several reproduction processes employing photography in thepreparation of printing plates, or the like, and directly composedplates, stencils,

and hectograph masters is indeed an accomplishment. To meet such demandsor requirements, a machine must be able not only to print or makeimpressions with a reasonable number of different families of foundrytype faces, but it a1so must be able to operate with a reasonable numberof different styles and sizes of type faces for each one of the selectedfamilies and the characters of the copy or composition must be spaced asintended by the designers or founders of the type faces. To the best ofmy knowledge and belief, Such a machine has never been designed fore,

In the printing of text or reading matter by means of the stones orplates used in such pianographic processes as photo-lithography,photolithography-offset, and pantone, and in such intagjlio processes asphotogravure, it is necessary to prepare a composition which isphotographed as a step in the production of the printing plate orstone.'It is the usual practice to assemble the complete composition for aplate, which may print one or more pages of the matter to be reproduced,before resorting to the step of photograp ing the. c mp sit on.

If the characters of the text are to be those of foundry type faces, thecopy has always been run offby letter-press printing machines employingcomposed type. The composed type must be set either by hand or by a typesetting machine or it must be produced by a type-casting ma.- chine,such as the linotype or monotype. Setting the type by hand, of course,can only be employed profitably for headings or other parts employingunusual type faces. Type setting and type-casting machines entail alarge capital investment and the employment of highly skilled craftsmento operate the same. Before the copy can be prepared, the composed typemust be locked in a chase and leveled on a stone or imposingtable toeliminate light spots. It may even require a certain amount of underlaywork before an even impression can be obtained.

It is very evident from the above brief description of the procedurewhich has been necessary to prepare text copy of foundry type faces,that, as compared to letterpress printing, the principle. advantagesobtained from the use of the aforesaid mentioned branches ofplanographic and intaglio processes have been in connection withreproducingillustrations or pictorial parts. This difficulty ofproducing text copy undoubtedly has been the principle reason why photo-.lithography, pantone, and photogravure proc- ,composing machines andtypewriter machines which are capable of interchangeably using sev-.-eral sets of type faces of different sizes and styles.

There have been developed several different types ofphoto-composingmachines but they all employ the same basic principle.This principle embodies the production of a print which is composed bymaking a succession of photographic pictures on a sensitized negativefrom a set of master characters which, for example, may be carried by afilm. The desired characters aresuccessively moved into the exposureposition, in response to .the actuation of-the ap ropriate keys of akeyboard, and a picture is taken of each standing of this principle maybe obtained by a study of the Edgar K. Hunter patent, No. 1,732 049,issued October 15, 1929, which is illustrative of this development.

Although this photo-composing process specifically, and the generalsubject of photo-typography under which photo-composing falls, havevbeen in the development stage for quite a number of years, as evidencedby expired United States patents dealing with the subject, the problemof economically providing foundry type face copy for photolithography,and the like, reproducing processes has remained unsolved.

Photo-composing processes, and the like, have failed commerciallybecause of several undesirable features. First, the production ofcomposition by this method is very time consuming and costly because ofthe aforementioned tedious method of photographically printing thecomposition character by character. Second, the composition is preparedblind; i. e., it cannot be seen until the composition is complete.Therefore, errors cannot be detected until the print is removed,developed, and fixed, and, as it is impossible to correct errors,considerable time is lost in completing a composition, in which an errorhas been made unknowingly, which must be discarded after the error isdetected. This, naturally, adds materially to the cost of using thisprocess. Third, it almost always is necessary to edit compositions oneor more times before they are entirely satisfactory, as the partyresponsible for the work cannot determine just how it will appear untilhe can view the completed composi tion. As changes cannot be made inphoto-composition prints, new ones must be prepared after each edit.

Of course, any typewriting machine is capable of preparing copy whichcan be used in making compositions for reproduction processes, and suchcopy is entirely satisfactory if the typewriter type face characters andthe uniform spacing of said characters of the final printed matter areacceptable. Such printed matter, however, cannot be made to have theappearance of foundry type face printing. This is due to the fact thatall typewriter type faces must be specifically designed to provideharmony when all of the printed characters are uniformly spaced, whereasfoundry type faces are designed to provide harmony when all of theprinted characters are spaced according to their respective widths.Furthermore, the ordinary typewriter machine is only capable of printingwith one size and style of type; i. e., capital and lower case lettersfor a given size.

As stated above, it now is possible to obtain typewriter machines whichare capable of printing with different sizes and styles of type faces.However, for any given size and style, the characters must still beuniformly spaced and the type faces must be specially designed toprovide harmony for this uniform spacing. Reference may be madeto PatentNo. 1,964,748, issued to Frank H. 'I'rego, on July 3, 1934;, for adisclosure of a typewriter machine of this kind.

It is obvious from the above that even this variable type size and styleof typewriting ma chine is not capable of preparing copy forreproduction processes which will have the appearance of copy preparedfrom foundry type.

With the above discussion in mind, it is the primary object of thisinvention to provide a key operated type printing machine which iscapable of producing copy suitable for use either as high qualityoriginal or to take the place of and be the full equivalent inappearance of reproduction copy which has heretofore been preparedeither from ordinary or special typewriter type faces or from composedfoundry type faces.

A further important object of the invention is to provide a machine ofthe above mentioned type which is capable of preparing reproductioncopy, or copy for reproduction compositions, which may be written withmany styles and sizes of typewriter type faces, with all of the writtencharacters for any given style or size properly, uniformly spaced, orwith many styles and sizes of foundry type faces, with all of thewritten characters differentially spaced in accordance with the sizes ofthe different characters and the intentions of the designers of the typefaces.

Still another object of the invention is to provide feeding mechanismfor the copy paper holding carriage which will operate to advance orspace the carriage in response to actuation of the several characterprinting and/or certain control keys either a uniform distance for allcharacters, including lower case letters, capital letters, and figures,so that typewriter type faces may be employed, or a plurality .ofdifferent distances for loWer case letters and capital letters and. auniform distance for figures, so that foundry type faces, with theirvarious widths, may be employed.

Another object of the invention is to provide proper carriage feedingmechanism of the above mentioned type which is adapted to be adjusted topermit the machine to interchangeably employ many different points andstyles of typewriter type faces and many different families, includingdifferent points and styles of each family, of foundry type faces.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a power operateddrive for the aforementioned adjustable carriage feeding mechanism whichalso may be employed for moving the carriage its full length of travel,or any desired fraction of its full length of travel, in response todepressing certain control keys.

Another object of the invention is to provide a paper carriage and drivemechanism with a i selectively operable connection between the same sothat the carriage normally will be connected to its drive mechanism butmay be disconnected therefrom and moved independently to any desiredpoint in a line being printed and then either reconnected to its drivemechanism at said new position or returned to its former position andthen reconnected to the drive mechanism.

A further object of the invention is to provide, line spacing mechanismfor the carriage which will space or move the paper vertically any oneof a suitable number of different distances, each of which is a multipleof /12 part of an inch, or a multiple of one point in type sizes.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a platen structureon the carriage which will afford an appropriate printing surface forfiat faced foundry type which may vary .in size from 6 pt. to 14 pt.,the said printing surface of the platen structure being so constructedas to "the same,

permit it :to .be L replaced at the will of and z-the operator swhnthe-one use becomes aunieven' 'orlpitted. or. when ai printing surface.of a different characteruoridegree of hardnessis desired. r

Another object :of theiinvention is to provide a :novel form of spacingmechanism, for spacing between words; which operates on the principle of:Fig. 14,

quire the services of..a skilled typist and not a rcraitsinanskilled inthe printing :art to operate the same.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparentduring thecourse 'of the followingdescript-ion."

.- -;In the accompanying drawings .forming a part of this specificationand .in which like numerals are employedto design'atelike partsthroughout Figure 1 is a plan view of the .key operated printing machineembodying this "invention,

Figure 2 is a side elevational view, taken of the right side of themachine shown in Fig. 1, with the exterior finishing plate or panelremoved to betterillustrate the mechanism,

Figure .3 isra, vertical sectional view taken through themachine ofFigs. 1 and 2, the said section not being taken on any particularsection line of the preceding figures but being laid out to bestillustrate certain parts of the mechanism of the machine, 1 v

Figure 4 is atop plan view which illustrates the keyboard, or the ban-kof character and control keys, with the links, levers, cams, etc.,actuated by said keys, and also illustrates the source of power andapower transmitting or clutch; "mechanism, which interconnects thesource of 'powerto the par-tsof the machine to be operated thereby, the.said plan view approximately'illustrating the mechanism lying. below theline 4-4 of Fig. 3,.

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig. 3,

Figure 6 is avertical sectional view taken on linefi -(iof Fig. 3, p

Figure 7 isa detail plan view of the carriage which supports and feeds-.or-advances the paper on which the. printing is to beimpressed, thisfigure also showing a-portion of-the :carriage .feeding mechanism, L

. I Figure 3 is a front elevational view of thepaper carriage and moreclearly illustrates the paper pan and platen structure,

Figure 9 is .a rear elevational view of the paper pan'and platenstructureincluded as a part .of the disclosure of Fig.;8, V, a V

Figure. 10 is a detail. horizontal sectional view of a portion of thepaper carriage drive .mechanism and more particularly illustrates aclutch unit by means of which the carriage may be disconnected from itsdrive. mechanismfand moved independently thereof and by means of whichthe carriage may be, again connected; to its drive mechanism either :atits former posi tion or. at any :other desired selected pointthroughoutthe line being :printed,

.. Figure 11 is a detail, substantially vertical sectional 'viewof thecarriage clutch mechanism and taken on linetlel-etllof Fig. 10,

'IFigurel2tisa detaii, end elevational View of a compressible clutchcollar which iormsa part of the'riclutch mechanism disclosed in Figs. 10andlll, I

Figurex13. .is a central longitudinal sectional view of the clutchcollar shown in Fig.12,

Figure 14 :is a detail plan view ofa 'reversin drive clutch by means ofwhich the paper car- :triagermaybe power :shifted to any extent desiredin either one of its two possible directions of travel,

Figure #15 is a detail, vertical sectional view of the reversing clutchand taken on line l5l5 of Figure 16 isQa detail,"ver tical "sectionalview taken on line I6-l6 of Fig- 14 and specifically illustrating theshifting mechanism for the slid- :20.

ing collar of the reversing clutch,

Figure 17 is a detail, vertical sectional view taken on line l'l-ll ofFig. 14 and more specificallyiillustrating one of the contractibleclutch bands of the reversing clutch mechanism,

Figure 18 is a partlyvertical sectional view and elevational viewillustrating a character controlling or actuating key with its mechanismwhich operates toposition' its particular type bar in printingpositionwith respect'to the printing surface of the platen structure,

Figure 19 is a View similar to Fig. 18 but illustrates adifierent'chara'cter key and its type bar positioning mechanism,

Figure 20 is a detail plan view illustrating a, key and three barswhichmay be operated to effect movement of the paper carriage fourdifferent predetermined'distances to provide desired spaces betweenwords, or the like, with the link, lever, and cam elements which areactuated by said key and bars to bring about the desired movements ofthe paper carriage,

Figure 21 is a detail, vertical sectional view taken through;thecarriage spacing mechanism of Fig.20,

Figure 22 is a plan view illustrating a spider employed for holding andcollectively moving into printing position three different type basketscarrying a like number of different sized or styled type bars, 7

=Figure 23 'is a substantially vertical sectional view taken on line23-23 of'Fig. 22

Figure 24 'is-a detail, vertical sectional view taken on line 24-24 of-Figi22;

V; Figure 25 is a detail; vertical sectional View taken on 1ine 25-'25of Fig.22,-- I

Figure 26 is a detail, horizontal sectional view takeno'n line 2626 ofFig. 24,

Figure 27 isa detail plan view illustratingconillustratingionetypebasket in printing position,

a plunger and: its: operating mechanism which will move the selectedandpositioned type to impress cr printthe selectednharacter on'the paperto receive the impression}; and printing ribbon

